Generally, stem cells reside within a special microenvironment or 'niche', which provides factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of the stem cell population.
Although earlier studies have shown that SSCs in other animal species, such as the mouse and hamster, can survive and proliferate for a long time, little is known regarding the culture and growth requirements of human SSCs. The development of techniques for the growth of SSCs and their differentiation into functional spermatozoa in vitro is crucial for clinical application. However, SSCs are rare in the testis, constituting around 1 in 3 000–4 000 testicular cells.
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